The toxicity of chlorine it due to its oxidizing power. Sir Davy concluded from his experiements that the greenish-yellow gas was not, in fact, an oxide or any other compound but rather an element and suggested the name 'chloric gas' or 'chlorine' based on the Greek word khloros, which means 'greenish-yellow'.Ĭhlorine was liquefied for the first time in 1823 by the English chemist and physicist Michael Faraday. The identity of this greenish-yellow gas as an element was not established until 1810 when the English chemist Sir Humphrey Davy tried to decompose the ' dephlogisticated muriatic acid air' by reacting it with charcoal to release the free element ' muriaticum' (which is not a real element but rather the name given by Scheele to the element whose oxide he thought had been released in the form of the greenish-yellow gas) and carbon dioxide. Initially Scheele thought that the greenish-yellow gas he observed was an oxide produced as a result of a reaction of the mineral with the hydrochloric acid. The result was a greenish-yellow gas that he called ' dephlogisticated muriatic acid air' and which later became known as 'chlorine'. Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhem Scheele is credited with the 'discovery' (first recorded observation) of the element chlorine gas (Cl 2) because in 1774 he released a few drops of hydrochloric acid onto a piece of the mineral pyrolusite, whose chemical name is manganese dioxide. Archaeologists have found evidence of rock salt being used as early as 3000 BC and brine since even earlier.Įlemental chlorine has only been recognised more recently. Sodium chloride has been known and used for thousands of years. The most common compound of chlorine is sodium chloride, which is also known as 'common salt' or 'table salt'. These have some properties in common with chlorine and there are also certain "trends" or patterns in the variation of properties across this group of elements.)Įach chlorine atom consists of 17 protons, 17 electrons plus a quantity of neutrons whose exact number depends on the particular isotope of chlorine (in most cases there are 18 neutrons in each atom of chlorine). ( The other halogens - that is, members of the same group are Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine. Members Group 7 are also known as Halogens. Chlorine is an element in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.
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